Individual case studies of immigrant scapegoating in Africa are common. My book, ¡°Immigrant Exclusion and Insecurity in Africa: Coethnic Strangers¡± not only investigates the prevalence of immigrant scapegoating in sub-Saharan Africa but also explains why some immigrant groups face greater exclusion than others. I collected and analyzed data on mass immigrant expulsions in sub-Saharan African countries, from their year of independence to 1999. The analysis shows that African leaders regularly rely on mass immigrant expulsions (see map below), and that they tend to do so following economic hardship (see figure below). Idi Amin¡¯s notorious expulsion of over 70,000 Asian Ugandans in 1972 comes to mind, but this was hardly the only or most egregious example of immigrant scapegoating.
Frequency of mass immigrant expulsions, from independence to 1999. (Map by Claire Adida, courtesy of Cambridge University Press) GDP growth around the time of a mass immigrant expulsion. Figure by Claire Adida, shared courtesy of Cambridge University Press. GDP growth around the time of a mass immigrant expulsion. (Figure by Claire Adida, courtesy of Cambridge University Press)
¡°I don¡¯t pay attention to anyone¡¯s stature,¡± Eveler, the former detective, said in an interview. ¡°It doesn¡¯t make any difference. We go after people who violate the law.¡±
¡°Our main aim is not to get to power in the next two or three months; we¡¯re aiming to get to power in 10 years,¡± Harb said as he got into his car to leave. ¡°We¡¯re trying to change the culture. We don¡¯t want to hand out sugar and oil for a vote; we want to help with human development.¡±


Success came quickly for D.C. Assault. So did prominence for co-founder Malone. The program grew to nine teams, some of which traveled the country to play, courtesy of sponsorships with the athletic apparel companies and donations. Three Assault teams were ranked in the Top 20 in the country last year in their age brackets by the AAU.
Check out more photos?here.
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